thanks!
well i counted all the parenthesis and i didn't find any open parenthesis left at the end... they were all closed, and they were all fine... it's still giving me the same errors though. i'll paste the code again:
public Complex sI(double omega, double I0, double R0, double betaI, double tau_plus, double tau_minus, double tauI) {
return ( ((((1-tau_plus/tauI)+(0.0)i).div(0.0+(omega*tau_plus)i)).mul(((1-tau_minus/tauI)+(0.0)i).div(0.0+(omega*tau_minus)i))) * ((1./(2+betaI))*(-1./(I0*R0))) );
}
i's aren't variables. i is supposed to be square root of -1, as defined by complex numbers.
the one off of netlib is the one that i'm trying to work with. here's the section abt dividing:
div
public Complex div(Complex z)
To perform z1 / z2, you write z1.div(z2) .
(a + i*b) / (c + i*d) = ( (a*c) + (b*d) + i*((b*c) - (a*d)) ) / norm(c + i*d)
Take care not to divide by zero!
Note:
Complex arithmetic in Java never causes exceptions. You have to deliberately check for overflow, division by zero, and so on, for yourself.
Domain Restrictions:
z1/z2 is undefined if z2 = 0
See Also:
scale(double)
and multiplying:
mul
public Complex mul(Complex z)
To perform z1 * z2, you write z1.mul(z2) .
(a + i*b) * (c + i*d) = ( (a*c) - (b*d) + i*((a*d) + (b*c)) )
See Also:
scale(double)
so i thought i was using it correctly in the thing but i guess not...
here's the code, TestComplex.java... basically the program for testing all aspects of Complex.class. i took out irrelevant stuff like cosines and sines and such to make the code a bit shorter...
package ORG.netlib.math.complex;
import ORG.netlib.math.complex.Complex;
public class
TestComplex {
static final String MODULE = TestComplex.class.getName();
static final String VERSION = "1.0.1";
static final String DATE = "Fri 23-Mar-2001 9:13 pm";
static final String AUTHOR = "sandy@almide.demon.co.uk";
static final String REMARK = "Tester for Complex class";
public static void
main (String[] args) {
// debug = false; // !!!
final String nanStr = "NaN";
final String negInfStr = "-Infinity";
final String posInfStr = "Infinity";
final String traceFlagStr = "-trace";
boolean setDebug = false;
int maxArg = 6;
String method = "unknown";
double[] doubleArgs = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 999, 999}; //!!! epsilon woz ere
boolean noArgs = false;
boolean inputError = false;
double scalar = 100.0;
double tolerance;
String complexClassName;
Complex z1 = null;
Complex z2;
if (args.length == 0) {
inputError = true;
noArgs = true;
} else {
method = args[0];
for (int i = 1; ((i < args.length)) ; i++) {
try {
if (args[i].equalsIgnoreCase(traceFlagStr)) {
setDebug = true;
} else {
if (i >= maxArg) break;
String argsI = args[i];
if (argsI.equalsIgnoreCase(nanStr)) {
doubleArgs[i-1] = Double.NaN;
} else if (argsI.equalsIgnoreCase(posInfStr)) {
doubleArgs[i-1] = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
} else if (argsI.equalsIgnoreCase(negInfStr)) {
doubleArgs[i-1] = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
} else {
doubleArgs[i-1] = Double.valueOf(args[i]).doubleValue();
}//endif
}//endif
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
inputError = true;
}//endtry
}//endfor
}//endif
z1 = Complex.cart(doubleArgs[0], doubleArgs[1]);
z2 = Complex.cart(doubleArgs[2], doubleArgs[3]);
tolerance = doubleArgs[4];
complexClassName = z1.getClass().getName();
System.out.println();
if (!noArgs) {
System.out.println("z1 == " + z1);
System.out.println("z2 == " + z2);
System.out.println("tolerance == " + tolerance);
// System.out.println("trace == " + debug); // !!!
System.out.println();
if (method.equals("real")) {
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + "(" + z1.re() + ") == " + Complex.real(z1.re()));
} else if (method.equals("cart")) {
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + z1 + " == " + Complex.cart(z1.re(), z1.im()));
} else if (method.equals("polar")) {
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + z1 + " == " + Complex.polar(z1.re(), z1.im()));
} else if (method.equals("pow")) {
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + "(" + z1.re() + ", " + z2 + ") == " + Complex.pow(z1.re(), z2));
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + "(" + z1 + ", " + z2.re() + ") == " + Complex.pow(z1, z2.re()));
System.out.println(complexClassName + "." + method + "(" + z1 + ", " + z2 + ") == " + Complex.pow(z1, z2));
} else if (method.equals("isInfinite")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.isInfinite());
System.out.println(z1 + ".isNaN() == " + z1.isNaN());
} else if (method.equals("isNaN")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.isNaN());
System.out.println(z1 + ".isInfinite() == " + z1.isInfinite());
} else if (method.equals("equals")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "(" + z2 + ", " + tolerance + ") == " + z1.equals(z2, tolerance));
} else if (method.equals("re")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.re());
} else if (method.equals("im")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.im());
} else if (method.equals("norm")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.norm());
} else if (method.equals("neg")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.neg());
} else if (method.equals("add")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + z2 + " == " + z1.add(z2));
} else if (method.equals("sub")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + z2 + " == " + z1.sub(z2));
} else if (method.equals("mul")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + z2 + " == " + z1.mul(z2));
} else if (method.equals("div")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + z2 + " == " + z1.div(z2));
} else if (method.equals("sqrt")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.sqrt());
} else if (method.equals("exp")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.exp());
} else if (method.equals("toString")) {
System.out.println(z1 + "." + method + "() == " + z1.toString());
} else {
System.out.println("Does the method '" + method + "' have the correct spelling?");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(Run TestComplex with no args to get a list of method-names.)");
inputError = true;
}//endif
}//endif
if (inputError) {
if (noArgs) {
System.out.println("Tester...");
System.out.println(" Module : " + MODULE);
System.out.println(" Version: " + VERSION);
System.out.println(" Date : " + DATE);
System.out.println(" Author : " + AUTHOR);
System.out.println(" Remark : " + REMARK);
System.out.println("Testing...");
System.out.println(" Module : " + complexClassName);
System.out.println(" Version: " + Complex.VERSION);
System.out.println(" Date : " + Complex.DATE);
System.out.println(" Author : " + Complex.AUTHOR);
System.out.println(" Remark : " + Complex.REMARK);
System.out.println();
manInfo();
}//endif
System.out.println();
System.out.print("usage: ");
System.out.println("java " + MODULE + " method-name [a] [bi] [c] [di]");
}//endif
}//end main(String[])
static void
manInfo () {
System.out.println("The following is a list of Complex methods:");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" method-name arguments -- remark");
System.out.println(" -------------------------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println(" add sub mul div a b c d");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" arg a b -- angle (in radians)");
System.out.println(" abs a b -- length, or magnitude");
System.out.println(" norm a b -- square of magnitude");
System.out.println(" scale a b scalar -- scale complex by a real number");
System.out.println(" neg a b -- scale by minus 1");
System.out.println(" conj a b -- complex conjugate");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" sqrt a b -- square root");
System.out.println(" exp a b -- raise e to a complex power");
System.out.println(" log a b -- natural logarithm");
System.out.println(" pow a b c d -- raise (a+bi) to the power (c+di)");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" sin cos tan a b --");
System.out.println(" cosec sec cot a b --");
System.out.println(" sinh cosh tanh a b -- trigonometry");
System.out.println(" asin acos atan a b --");
System.out.println(" asinh acosh atanh a b --");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" polar r theta -- convert polar to cartesian");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" -- More method-names ...");
System.out.println(" cart a b");
System.out.println(" clone a b");
System.out.println(" equals a b c d tolerance");
System.out.println(" isInfinite isNaN a b");
System.out.println(" re im a b");
System.out.println(" real x");
System.out.println(" toString a b");
}//end manInfo()
}//end TestComplex
i don't know whether or not the parenthesis errors are caused by my misusage of the Complex.class...
[[edit]]
here's the part abt multiplying and dividing from the actual code Complex.java:
/**
* To perform z1 * z2, you write <tt>z1.mul(z2)</tt> .
*
* <p>
* <pre>
* (a + <i><b>i</b></i>*b) * (c + <i><b>i</b></i>*d) = ( (a*c) - (b*d) + <i><b>i</b></i>*((a*d) + (b*c)) )
* </pre>
* <p>
* @see Complex#scale(double)
**/
public Complex
mul (Complex z) {
return cart( (re*z.re) - (im*z.im), (re*z.im) + (im*z.re) );
// return cart( (re*z.re) - (im*z.im), (re + im)*(z.re + z.im) - re*z.re - im*z.im);
}//end mul(Complex)
/**
* To perform z1 / z2, you write <tt>z1.div(z2)</tt> .
*
* <p>
* <pre>
* (a + <i><b>i</b></i>*b) / (c + <i><b>i</b></i>*d) = ( (a*c) + (b*d) + <i><b>i</b></i>*((b*c) - (a*d)) ) / norm(c + <i><b>i</b></i>*d)
* </pre>
* <p>
* <i><b>Take care not to divide by zero!</b></i>
* <p>
* <i><b>Note:</b><ul> <tt>Complex</tt> arithmetic in Java never causes
* exceptions. You have to deliberately check for overflow, division by
* zero, and so on, <u>for yourself</u>.
* </ul></i>
* <p>
* <i><b>Domain Restrictions:</b><ul> z1/z2 is undefined if z2 = 0
* </ul></i>
* <p>
* @see Complex#scale(double)
**/
public Complex
div (Complex z) {
Complex result = new Complex(this);
div(result, z.re, z.im);
return result;
}//end div(Complex)
static private void
div (Complex z, double x, double y) {
// Adapted from
// "Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77: The Art of Scientific Computing"
// (ISBN 0-521-43064-X)
double zRe, zIm;
double scalar;
if (Math.abs(x) >= Math.abs(y)) {
scalar = 1.0 / ( x + y*(y/x) );
zRe = scalar * (z.re + z.im*(y/x));
zIm = scalar * (z.im - z.re*(y/x));
} else {
scalar = 1.0 / ( x*(x/y) + y );
zRe = scalar * (z.re*(x/y) + z.im);
zIm = scalar * (z.im*(x/y) - z.re);
}//endif
z.re = zRe;
z.im = zIm;
}//end div(Complex,double,double)